Ihe alloy mere nke ngwakọta siri ike nke igwe refractory na ihe eji ejikọta ya site na usoro ntụ ntụ. Cemented carbide nwere usoro nke magburu onwe ya Njirimara dị ka elu isi ike, eyi iguzogide, ezi ike na ike siri ike, okpomọkụ na-eguzogide na corrosion eguzogide, karịsịa ya elu ekweghị ekwe na eyi iguzogide, nke na-anọgide ihu ọma na-agbanwe agbanwe ọbụna na a okpomọkụ nke 500 Celsius C , ka nwere. elu ike na 1000 ℃. A na-eji Carbide eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka ngwá ọrụ ngwá ọrụ, dị ka ngwá ọrụ ntụgharị, ndị na-egwe ọka, ndị na-emepụta ihe, ihe ọkụkụ, ngwá ọrụ na-agwụ ike, wdg, maka ịcha ígwè nkedo, ọla ndị na-adịghị ferrous, plastik, eriri kemịkal, graphite, iko, nkume na ígwè nkịtị. a pụkwara iji ya mee ihe maka ịkpụ ihe siri ike na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ígwè na-eguzogide okpomọkụ, igwe anaghị agba nchara, nnukwu manganese ígwè, ngwá ọrụ ígwè, wdg. Mbelata ọsọ nke ngwá ọrụ carbide ọhụrụ bụ ugbu a ọtụtụ narị ugboro nke carbon ígwè.
Ngwa nke cemented carbide
(1) Ihe eji eme ihe
Carbide bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị ukwuu nke ngwá ọrụ ngwá ọrụ, nke a pụrụ iji na-eme mgbanwe ngwá ọrụ, egwe ọka cutters, planers, drills, wdg N'ime ha, tungsten-cobalt carbide adabara mkpụmkpụ mgbawa nhazi nke ferrous na-abụghị ferrous ọla na nhazi nke. ihe na-abụghị ọla, dị ka nkedo ígwè, nkedo brass, bakelite, wdg; tungsten-titanium-cobalt carbide dabara adaba maka nhazi ogologo oge nke ọla ferrous dị ka ígwè. Ngwunye mgbawa. N'ime ihe ndị yiri ya, ndị nwere ọdịnaya cobalt dị mma maka ịrụ ọrụ siri ike, na ndị nwere obere ọdịnaya cobalt dabara adaba maka imecha. Nzube nke simenti na-arụ ọrụ n'ozuzu na-adị ogologo ndụ machining karịa kabides cemented ndị ọzọ maka ihe ndị siri ike na-arụ ọrụ dị ka igwe anaghị agba nchara.
(2) Ihe ebu
A na-ejikarị carbide cimented eme ihe maka anwụ na-arụ ọrụ oyi dị ka ịse oyi oyi, ikum ọkpọ oyi, oyi extrusion na-anwụ, na ebe oyi na-anwụ.
Carbide oyi na-anwụ anwụ na-achọrọ inwe mmetụta dị mma siri ike, mgbaji siri ike, ike ike ọgwụgwụ, ike na-ehulata na ezigbo nguzogide iyi n'okpuru ọnọdụ ọrụ na-eguzogide ike nke mmetụta ma ọ bụ mmetụta siri ike. A na-ejikarị akara ule cobalt dị elu na nke dị elu na ọkara na nke siri ike, dị ka YG15C.
N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nguzogide iyi na ike siri ike nke carbide cimented na-emegiderịta onwe ya: mmụba nke nguzogide iyi ga-eduga n'ibelata ike, na mmụba nke siri ike ga-eduga n'ịbelata nkwụsị nke iyi. Ya mere, mgbe ị na-ahọrọ akara ule alloy, ọ dị mkpa iji mezuo ihe achọrọ iji mee ihe dịka ihe nhazi na nhazi ọnọdụ ọrụ.
Ọ bụrụ na ọkwa ahọpụtara na-adịkarị mfe mgbawa na mmebi n'oge a na-eji ya eme ihe, a ga-ahọrọ ọkwa nke nwere ike dị elu; ma ọ bụrụ na ọkwa ahọpụtara na-adịkarị mfe na-eyi n'oge na mmebi n'oge a na-eji ya eme ihe, a ga-ahọrọ ọkwa nke nwere ike dị elu na nkwụsi ike ka mma. . Ihe akara ule ndị a: YG15C, YG18C, YG20C, YL60, YG22C, YG25C Site n'aka ekpe gaa n'aka nri, isi ike na-ebelata, mgbochi iyi na-ebelata, na ike na-abawanye; n'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, ihe dị iche bụ eziokwu.
(3) Ngwá ọrụ nha na akụkụ ndị na-eguzogide iyi
A na-eji Carbide eme ihe maka inlays elu na-eguzogide iyi na akụkụ nke ngwaọrụ nha, nha ziri ezi nke ndị na-egweri, efere ndu na mkpanaka ndu nke igwe na-enweghị etiti, elu nke lathes na akụkụ ndị ọzọ na-eguzogide.
Ọla na-ekekọta bụ n'ozuzu ígwè otu ọla, na-emekarị cobalt na nickel.
Mgbe ị na-emepụta carbide cemented, nha nha nke ntụ ntụ akụrụngwa ahọpụtara dị n'etiti 1 na 2 microns, ịdị ọcha dị oke elu. A na-agbakọta akụrụngwa ndị ahụ dị ka usoro nhazi nke edebere, na-agbakwunye mmanya ma ọ bụ ihe mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ n'ebe egweri mmiri na-egweri mmiri n'igwe igwe mmiri mmiri iji mee ka ha gwakọta ya nke ọma ma gbazee. Sichaa ngwakọta ahụ. Mgbe ahụ, a na-agbanye ngwakọta ahụ, pịa ya, ma kpoo ọkụ na okpomọkụ dị nso na ebe mgbaze nke metal binder (1300-1500 Celsius C), usoro ahụ siri ike na ihe nkedo ga-eme ka eutectic alloy. Mgbe jụrụ oyi, a na-ekesa akụkụ ndị ahụ siri ike na grid mejupụtara metal bonding ma na-ejikọta ya na ibe ya iji mepụta otu ihe siri ike. Ịdị ike nke carbide cimented na-adabere n'ụdị oge siri ike na nha nke ọka, ya bụ, ihe dị elu na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ na-esiwanye ike na nke ọma, na-esiwanye ike. A na-ekpebi ihe siri ike nke carbide cimented site na igwe ihe eji eme ya. Ọdịnaya igwe ihe nkedo dị elu, ka ike mgbanwe dị elu.
N'afọ 1923, Schlerter nke Germany gbakwunyere 10% ruo 20% cobalt na tungsten carbide ntụ ntụ dị ka ihe nkedo, ma mepụta ihe ọhụrụ alloy nke tungsten carbide na cobalt. Isi ike bụ nke abụọ na naanị diamond. Carbide ciment nke mbụ mere. Mgbe ị na-eji ngwá ọrụ a na-emepụta ihe na-eji ígwè na-egbutu ígwè, ọkpụkpụ ahụ ga-agwụ ngwa ngwa, na ọbụna nkwụsị ga-agbawa. N'afọ 1929, Schwarzkov dị na United States gbakwunyere ụfọdụ tungsten carbide na titanium carbide compound carbide na nhazi mbụ, nke mere ka arụ ọrụ nke ngwá ọrụ ahụ dịkwuo mma na ịkpụ ígwè. Nke a bụ ihe ọzọ rụzuru na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke cimented carbide mmepe.
Cemented carbide nwere usoro nke magburu onwe ya Njirimara dị ka elu isi ike, eyi iguzogide, ezi ike na ike siri ike, okpomọkụ na-eguzogide na corrosion eguzogide, karịsịa ya elu ekweghị ekwe na eyi iguzogide, nke na-anọgide ihu ọma na-agbanwe agbanwe ọbụna na a okpomọkụ nke 500 Celsius C , ka nwere. elu ike na 1000 ℃. A na-eji Carbide eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka ngwá ọrụ ngwá ọrụ, dị ka ngwá ọrụ ntụgharị, ndị na-egwe ọka, ndị na-emepụta ihe, ihe ọkụkụ, ngwá ọrụ na-agwụ ike, wdg, maka ịcha ígwè nkedo, ọla ndị na-adịghị ferrous, plastik, eriri kemịkal, graphite, iko, nkume na ígwè nkịtị. a pụkwara iji ya mee ihe maka ịkpụ ihe siri ike na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ígwè na-eguzogide okpomọkụ, igwe anaghị agba nchara, nnukwu manganese ígwè, ngwá ọrụ ígwè, wdg. Mbelata ọsọ nke ngwá ọrụ carbide ọhụrụ bụ ugbu a ọtụtụ narị ugboro nke carbon ígwè.
A pụkwara iji Carbide mee ngwá ọrụ ịkụ nkume, ngwá ọrụ ndị na-egwupụta ihe, ngwá ọrụ ịkụ ihe, ngwá ọrụ nha, akụkụ ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ, abrasives metal, cylinder liners, kpọmkwem bearings, nozzles, metal kpụrụ (dị ka ịse waya na-anwụ anwụ, bolt na-anwụ anwụ, nut na-anwụ anwụ. , na dị iche iche fastener ebu, ndị magburu onwe arụmọrụ nke cemented carbide ji nwayọọ nwayọọ dochie gara aga ígwè ebu).
Mgbe e mesịrị, carbide simenti e kpuchiri ekpuchi pụtakwara. N'afọ 1969, Sweden rụpụtara ngwa ọrụ mkpuchi carbide titanium nke ọma. Ihe ndabere nke ngwá ọrụ bụ tungsten-titanium-cobalt carbide ma ọ bụ tungsten-cobalt carbide. The ọkpụrụkpụ nke titanium carbide mkpuchi n'elu bụ nanị ole na ole microns, ma e jiri ya tụnyere otu ika nke alloy ngwaọrụ, The ọrụ ndụ na-agbatị site 3 ugboro, na ọnwụ na-agba na-abawanye site 25% ka 50%. N'afọ ndị 1970, ọgbọ nke anọ nke ngwá ọrụ mkpuchi pụtara maka ịkpụ ihe ndị siri ike na igwe.
Kedu ka carbide simented sintered?
Carbide cimented bụ ihe igwe emere site na ntụ ntụ ntụ nke carbide na igwe na-ekekọta nke otu metal ma ọ bụ karịa.
Major na-emepụta mba
E nwere ihe karịrị mba 50 n'ụwa na-emepụta carbide cimented, na ngụkọta nke 27,000-28,000t-. Ndị isi na-emepụta bụ United States, Russia, Sweden, China, Germany, Japan, United Kingdom, France, wdg Ụwa cemented carbide ahịa bụ isi jupụta. , asọmpi ahịa dị oke egwu. Ụlọ ọrụ carbide simented nke China malitere ịmalite na njedebe 1950s. Site na 1960 ruo 1970s, ụlọ ọrụ carbide simented nke China malitere ngwa ngwa. Na mmalite 1990s, ngụkọta ikike mmepụta nke carbide cimented China ruru 6000t, na ngụkọta mmepụta nke carbide cemented ruru 5000t, nke abụọ na Russia na United States, ọ nọ n'ọkwa nke atọ n'ụwa.
WC cutter
① Tungsten na cobalt simenti carbide
Ihe ndị bụ isi bụ tungsten carbide (WC) na binder cobalt (Co).
Ọkwa ya bụ “YG” (“hard na cobalt” na Chinese Pinyin) yana pasentị nke ọdịnaya cobalt dị nkenke.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, YG8 pụtara nkezi WCo = 8%, nke ọzọ bụ tungsten-cobalt carbide nke tungsten carbide.
Mma TIC
②Tungsten-titanium-cobalt carbide
Ihe ndị bụ isi bụ tungsten carbide, titanium carbide (TiC) na cobalt.
Ọkwa ya bụ “YT” (“hard, titanium” mkpụrụedemede abụọ na Chinese Pinyin prefix) yana nkezi ọdịnaya nke carbide titanium.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, YT15 pụtara nkezi WTi = 15%, nke ọzọ bụ tungsten carbide na tungsten-titanium-cobalt carbide nwere ọdịnaya cobalt.
Ngwa Tungsten Titanium Tantalum
③Tungsten-titanium-tantalum (niobium) simenti carbide
Ihe ndị bụ isi bụ tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, tantalum carbide (ma ọ bụ niobium carbide) na cobalt. A na-akpọkwa ụdị carbide cemented a n'ozuzu carbide cimented ma ọ bụ eluigwe cemented carbide.
Ọkwa ya bụ “YW” (nrịbamarị ụda olu China nke “hard” na “wan”) gbakwunyere nọmba usoro, dị ka YW1.
Njirimara arụmọrụ
Ihe mgbakwunye Carbide weld
Isi ike dị elu (86 ~ 93HRA, nke ya na 69 ~ 81HRC);
Ike ike ọkụ dị mma (ruo 900 ~ 1000 ℃, debe 60HRC);
Ezigbo nguzogide abrasion.
Ngwá ọrụ ịkpụ Carbide dị 4 ruo 7 ngwa ngwa karịa ígwè dị elu, na ndụ ngwá ọrụ dị elu 5 ruo 80 ugboro. Na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na ihe ndị a na-atụ aro, ndụ ọrụ bụ 20 ruo 150 ugboro dị elu karịa nke ígwè ígwè ígwè. Ọ nwere ike belata ihe siri ike nke ihe dịka 50HRC.
Otú ọ dị, carbide cemented na-akụrikụ, a pụghịkwa ime ya, ọ na-esikwa ike ịmepụta ngwá ọrụ ndị nwere ụdị mgbagwoju anya. Ya mere, a na-emekarị agụba nke ụdị dị iche iche, nke a na-etinye n'ahụ ngwá ọrụ ma ọ bụ ihe ọkpụkpụ site na ịgbado ọkụ, njikọ, n'ibu clamping, wdg.
Ogwe nwere ụdị pụrụ iche
Na-egwu egwu
Ịkpụzi carbide siri ike na-akpụ akpụ bụ ịpịa ntụ ntụ n'ime billet, wee banye n'ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ ka ọ kpoo ọkụ ruo otu okpomọkụ (ọkụ ọkụ), debe ya ruo oge ụfọdụ (ijide oge), wee kpoo ya ka ọ nweta cimented. ihe carbide nwere ihe achọrọ.
Enwere ike kewaa usoro simented carbide sintering n'ime usoro anọ bụ isi:
1: N'ọkwa nke iwepụ onye na-emepụta ihe na nke mbụ, anụ ahụ na-agbanwe agbanwe dị ka ndị a:
Mwepụ nke onye na-akpụzi ihe, na mmụba nke okpomọkụ na ọkwa mbụ nke sintering, onye na-emepụta ihe na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-emebi ma ọ bụ vaporizes, a na-ewepụkwa anụ ahụ. Ụdị, ọnụ ọgụgụ na usoro nchịkọta dị iche iche.
A na-ebelata oxides n'elu ntụ ntụ. N'ebe okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, hydrogen nwere ike ibelata oxides nke cobalt na tungsten. Ọ bụrụ na e wepụrụ onye na-emepụta ihe na oghere ma gbanye ya, mmeghachi omume carbon-oxygen adịghị ike. A na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ kpochapụ nrụgide kọntaktị n'etiti ihe ndị dị n'ime ntụ ntụ, ngwakọta metal ntụ ntụ na-amalite ịmaliteghachi na recrystallize, mgbasa ozi elu na-amalite ime, na ike briquetting dị mma.
2: Ogbo sintering siri ike (800 ℃ – eutectic okpomọkụ)
Na okpomọkụ tupu ọdịdị nke mmiri mmiri ahụ pụta, na mgbakwunye na ịga n'ihu na usoro nke ọkwa gara aga, mmeghachi omume siri ike na mgbasawanye na-abawanye, a na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ plastik na-emewanyewanye, na anụ ahụ na-adaba adaba nke ukwuu.
3: Ogbo sintering nke mmiri mmiri (okpomọkụ eutectic - ọnọdụ okpomọkụ)
Mgbe usoro mmiri mmiri na-apụta n'ime ahụ nke e mebiri emebi, a na-emecha nkwụsị ahụ ngwa ngwa, ngbanwe nke crystallographic na-esote iji mepụta nhazi na nhazi nke alloy.
4: Okpokoro jụrụ oyi (sintering okpomọkụ - ọnụ ụlọ okpomọkụ)
N'oge a, nhazi na usoro nhazi nke alloy nwere mgbanwe ụfọdụ na ọnọdụ dị jụụ dị iche iche. Enwere ike iji njirimara a kpoo carbide cemented iji meziwanye ihe anụ ahụ na arụ ọrụ ya.
Oge nzipu: Eprel-11-2022
