N'ime ọnwa atọ gara aga, Ministri Azụmaahịa, na mmekorita ya na General Administration of Customs, wepụtara nkwupụta nkwonkwo iji chekwaa nchekwa mba na ọdịmma ya ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ mba ụwa na-anaghị agbasa. Site na nkwado nke Kansụl Steeti, etinyerela usoro njikwa mbupụ siri ike na ihe ndị metụtara tungsten, tellurium, bismuth, molybdenum, na indium. N'ụzọ doro anya, ihe ndị metụtara tungsten a na-achịkwa gụnyere ammonium paratungstate, tungsten oxides, ụfọdụ tungsten carbide ndị na-anaghị achịkwa, ụdị ụfọdụ nke tungsten siri ike (ewezuga granules ma ọ bụ ntụ ntụ), tungsten-nickel-iron ma ọ bụ tungsten-nickel-copper alloys kpọmkwem, yana data na teknụzụ achọrọ maka imepụta ihe n'okpuru koodu akọwapụtara (1C004, 1C117.c, 1C117.d). Ndị ọrụ niile na-ebupụ ihe ndị a ga-agbaso Iwu Njikwa Mbupụ nke Ndị Mmadụ nke China na Iwu gbasara Njikwa Mbupụ nke Ihe Ojiji Abụọ, na-etinye akwụkwọ maka na ịnweta ikike mbupụ site n'aka ndị ọchịchị azụmaahịa ruru eru nke Kansụl Steeti. Ọkwa a ga-amalite ozugbo ma melite Ndepụta Njikwa Mbupụ nke Ihe Ojiji Abụọ nke Ndị Mmadụ nke China.
I. Ihe Ndị Metụtara Tungsten
- Ihe Ndị Metụtara Tungsten 1C117.d.
- steeti ammonium (Koodu HS: 2841801000);
- Tungsten oxides (Koodu HS: 2825901200, 2825901910, 2825901920);
- A naghị achịkwa kabọd Tungsten n'okpuru 1C226 (Koodu HS: 2849902000).
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- 1C117.c. Tungsten siri ike nwere njirimara niile ndị a:
- Tungsten siri ike (ewezuga ntụ ntụ ma ọ bụ granules) yana nke ọ bụla n'ime ihe ndị a:
- Tungsten ma ọ bụ tungsten alloys nwere ọdịnaya tungsten ≥97% site na ibu, anaghị achịkwa ya n'okpuru 1C226 ma ọ bụ 1C241 (Koodu HS: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001);
- Alloys Tungsten-copper nwere ọdịnaya tungsten ≥80% site na ibu (Koodu HS: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001);
- Alloys Tungsten-silver nwere ọdịnaya tungsten ≥80% na ọdịnaya ọlaọcha ≥2% site na ibu (Koodu HS: 7106919001, 7106929001);
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- A pụrụ itinye ya n'ime otu n'ime ihe ndị a:
- Silinda nwere dayameta ≥120 mm na ogologo ≥50 mm;
- Tubes nwere dayameta dị n'ime ≥65 mm, ọkpụrụkpụ mgbidi ≥25 mm, na ogologo ≥50 mm;
- Blọk nwere nha ≥120 mm × 120 mm × 50 mm.
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- 1C004. Tungsten-Nickel-Iron ma ọ bụ Tungsten-Nickel-Copper Alloys nwere njirimara niile ndị a:
- Njupụta >17.5 g/cm³;
- Ike mmepụta >800 MPa;
- Ike nrụgide kachasị elu >1270 MPa;
- Ogologo >8% (Koodu HS: 8101940001, 8101991001, 8101999001).
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- 1E004, 1E101.b. Teknụzụ na Data maka imepụta ihe n'okpuru 1C004, 1C117.c, 1C117.d (gụnyere nkọwapụta usoro, paramita, na mmemme igwe).
II. Ihe Ndị Metụtara Tellurium
- 6C002.a. Tellurium ọla (Koodu HS: 2804500001).
- 6C002.b. Ngwaahịa Tellurium nke otu ma ọ bụ Polycrystalline (gụnyere ihe ndị e ji mee ihe ma ọ bụ wafer epitaxial):
- Cadmium telluride (Koodu HS: 2842902000, 3818009021);
- Cadmium zinc telluride (Koodu HS: 2842909025, 3818009021);
- Mercury cadmium telluride (Koodu HS: 2852100010, 3818009021).
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- 6E002. Teknụzụ na Data maka imepụta ihe ndị dị n'okpuru 6C002 (gụnyere nkọwapụta usoro, paramita, na mmemme igwe).
III. Ihe Ndị Metụtara Bismuth
- 6C001.a. Bismuth na Ngwaahịa Metallic nke anaghị achịkwa n'okpuru 1C229, gụnyere mana ejedebeghị na ingots, blọk, beads, granules, na ntụ (Koodu HS: 8106101091, 8106101092, 8106101099, 8106109090, 8106901019, 8106901029, 8106901099, 8106909090).
- 6C001.b. Bismuth Germanate (Koodu HS: 2841900041).
- 6C001.c. Triphenylbismuth ( Koodu HS: 2931900032).
- 6C001.d. Tris(p-ethoxyphenyl)bismuth (Koodu HS: 2931900032).
- 6E001. Teknụzụ na Data maka imepụta ihe ndị dị n'okpuru 6C001 (gụnyere nkọwapụta usoro, paramita, na mmemme igwe).
IV. Ihe Ndị Metụtara Molybdenum
- 1C117.b. Ntụ Molybdenum: Mkpụrụ Molybdenum na ihe ndị ọzọ nwere ọdịnaya molybdenum ≥97% site na ibu na nha mkpụrụ ≤50×10⁻⁶ m (50 μm), nke e ji emepụta ihe ndị e ji amị agha (Koodu HS: 8102100001).
- 1E101.b. Teknụzụ na Data maka imepụta ihe dịka 1C117.b si dị (gụnyere nkọwapụta usoro, paramita, na mmemme igwe).
V. Ihe Ndị Metụtara Indium
- 3C004.a. Indium Phosphide (Koodu HS: 2853904051).
- 3C004.b. Trimethylindium (Koodu HS: 2931900032).
- 3C004.c. Triethylindium (Koodu HS: 2931900032).
- 3E004. Teknụzụ na Data maka imepụta ihe dịka iwu 3C004 siri dị (gụnyere nkọwapụta usoro, paramita, na mmemme igwe).
Njikwa Mbupụ Tungsten abụghị mmachibido iwu zuru oke
Njikwa mbupụ Tungsten apụtaghị mmachibido mbupụ kpamkpam kama ọ gụnyere usoro njikwa ọkọlọtọ maka ihe ndị metụtara tungsten kpọmkwem. Ndị na-ebupụ ihe ndị a ga-etinyerịrị akwụkwọ maka ikike site n'aka ndị ọchịchị azụmaahịa ruru eru nke Kansụl Steeti dịka Iwu Njikwa Mbupụ na Iwu gbasara Njikwa Mbupụ nke Ihe Ojiji Abụọ si dị. A na-ekwe ka mbupụ naanị mgbe e rubere isi ma kwado ya.
Mmetụta Nwere Ike Inweta n'Ahịa Obodo
Dịka data sitere na Tungsten-Molybdenum Cloud Commerce Platform si kwuo, mbupụ nke ammonium paratungstate (APT), tungsten trioxide, na tungsten carbide bụ òkè pụtara ìhè nke mkpokọta mbupụ tungsten:
- Mbupụ APT na 2023 na 2024 dị ihe dị ka tọn 803 na tọn 782, n'otu n'otu, nke ọ bụla na-aza ihe dị ka pasent 4 nke mkpokọta mbupụ tungsten.
- Mbupu Tungsten trioxide ruru ihe dị ka tọn 2,699 na 2023 na tọn 3,190 na 2024, na-amụba site na 14% ruo 17% nke mkpokọta mbupụ.
- Mbupụ Tungsten carbide ruru ihe dị ka tọn 4,433 na 2023 na tọn 4,147 na 2024, na-ejide òkè nke ihe dị ka pasent 22.
Mmejuputa njikwa mbupụ tungsten ga-etinye ihe ndị a n'ọrụ nlekọta na nkwenye siri ike, nke nwere ike imetụta ọrụ ụfọdụ ndị na-ebupụ ngwaahịa. Agbanyeghị, ebe ọ bụ na oke òkè nke ihe ndị a na-achịkwa na mbupụ tungsten zuru oke, a na-atụ anya na mmetụta zuru oke na mgbanwe ọkọnọ-ọchịchọ ahịa tungsten dị n'ime obodo na usoro ọnụahịa ga-adị obere. Amụma a nwekwara ike ịgba ụlọ ọrụ ume ilekwasị anya na mmepụta teknụzụ na ịdị mma ngwaahịa iji mezuo ihe ahịa obodo na nke mba ụwa chọrọ nke ọma.
Mkpa Atụmatụ nke Tungsten
Ebe dị elu nke Tungsten na-agbaze, ike siri ike, njikwa ike, na iguzogide nchara na-eme ka ọ dị mkpa n'ọrụ mmepụta ígwè zuru ụwa ọnụ. N'ime mmepụta ígwè, tungsten na-eme ka ike, ike, na iguzogide iyi dịkwuo mma, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'igwe na ihe owuwu. N'ime ngwa eletrọniki, ọ bụ ihe dị mkpa maka ihe mejupụtara ya, ụzọ sekit agbakwunyere, na eriri ọdịnala. N'ime ụgbọelu, tungsten alloy dị oke mkpa maka agụba injin na nozzles roket, na-akwado nchọpụta mbara igwe. N'ihe gbasara agha, tungsten alloy dị oke mkpa maka ihe mgbochi agha, ihe ndị mejupụtara ngwa agha, na ihe agha, na-emetụta ikike nchekwa mba ozugbo. Iji hụ na ọkọnọ tungsten dị n'ime ụlọ siri ike dị oke mkpa maka nchekwa mba.
Mmetụta Dị Mkpirikpi na Ogologo Oge
N'oge dị mkpirikpi, njikwa mbupụ ga-ebelata ọkọnọ tungsten nke China na ahịa ụwa, nke nwere ike imebi nguzozi nke ọkọnọ ogologo oge ma mee ka ọnụ ahịa tungsten mba ụwa rịa elu n'ihi ọchịchọ siri ike. N'ikpeazụ, njikwa ndị a ga-akwalite nkwalite ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, na-agba ume itinye ego na nyocha, iji akụrụngwa dị irè, na mmepe nke ngwaahịa dị oke ọnụ ahịa iji mee ka mmetụta China na ụlọ ọrụ tungsten dịkwuo mma.
Ọnụọgụgụ Tungsten zuru ụwa ọnụ
Dịka USGS si kwuo, ihe nchekwa tungsten zuru ụwa ọnụ na 2023 dị ihe dị ka tọn nde 4.4, nke ruru pasent 15.79 kwa afọ, ebe China na-enweta pasent 52.27 ( tọn nde 2.3). Mmepụta tungsten zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ tọn 78,000, nke dara na pasent 2.26, ebe China na-enye 80.77% ( tọn 63,000). Data omenala ndị China na-egosi mbupụ tungsten dị iche iche, gụnyere tungsten ores, tungstic acid, tungsten trioxide, tungsten carbide, na ngwaahịa tungsten dị iche iche. Na 2024, China bupụrụ tọn 782.41 nke APT (dabara na 2.53%, 4.06% nke mkpokọta mbupụ), tọn 3,189.96 nke tungsten trioxide (elu 18.19%, 16.55% nke mkpokọta mbupụ), na tọn 4,146.76 nke tungsten carbide (dabara na 6.46%, 21.52% nke mkpokọta mbupụ).
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Oge ozi: Jun-04-2025
