Osisi okike na ígwè bụ ihe dị mkpa maka ụlọ mmadụ ruo ọtụtụ puku afọ. Ndị polymers sịntetik anyị na-akpọ plastik bụ ihe ọhụrụ e mepụtara na nso nso a nke gbawara na narị afọ nke 20.
Ma ọla na plastik nwere ihe onwunwe nke dị mma maka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ịzụ ahịa.Metals siri ike, siri ike, na n'ozuzu resilient na ikuku, mmiri, okpomọkụ, na mgbe nile stress.However, ha na-achọkwa ihe onwunwe (nke pụtara ihe dị oké ọnụ) na-emepụta na nụchaa ha ngwaahịa.Plastic na-enye ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ nke metal mgbe na-achọ obere uka na dị nnọọ ọnụ ala na-emepụta.Their ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ dị ọnụ ala na-eme ka ihe ndị dị ọnụ ala na-eji plastik eme ihe. ihe eji eme ihe: Ngwa plastik abụghị ihe dị mma, ọ dịghịkwa onye chọrọ ibi n'ụlọ plastik. Ọzọkwa, a na-anụchakarị ha site na mmanụ ọkụ.
N'ime ngwa ụfọdụ, osisi sitere n'okike nwere ike ịsọ mpi na ọla na plastik. Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ụlọ ezinụlọ na-ewu n'elu osisi. Nsogbu bụ na osisi okike dị oke nro ma dị mfe iji mmiri dochie plastik na ígwè ọtụtụ oge. Akwụkwọ akụkọ na-adịbeghị anya nke e bipụtara na magazin bụ Matter na-enyocha ihe okike nke ihe ọkụkụ siri ike nke na-emeri ihe ndị a. Nnyocha a mechiri n'ichepụta mma osisi na ntu oge ọ bụla ga-adị mma n'oge na-adịghị anya.
The fibrous Ọdịdị nke osisi mejupụtara mkpokọta 50% cellulose, a eke polima na theoretically mma ike properties.The fọdụrụ ọkara nke osisi Ọdịdị bụ tumadi lignin na hemicellulose.Mgbe cellulose iche ogologo, siri ike emep uta eri nke na-enye osisi na ọkpụkpụ azụ nke ya eke ike, hemicellulose nwere obere coherent ike Njirimara na si otú na-eme ka ihe ọ bụla na-eme ka fiber na-eme ka osisi na-ejupụta n'etiti osisi vimecellulose. na-arụ ọrụ bara uru maka osisi dị ndụ. Ma maka ebumnuche ụmụ mmadụ nke ịgbakọ osisi na ijikọta eriri cellulose ya nke ọma, lignin ghọrọ ihe mgbochi.
Na nke a ọmụmụ, eke osisi e mere n'ime osisi siri ike (HW) na nzọụkwụ anọ. Nke mbụ, osisi na-esi na sodium hydroxide na sodium sulfate iji wepụ ụfọdụ hemicellulose na lignin. Mgbe a chemical ọgwụgwọ, osisi na-aghọ denser site na ịpị ya na pịa ruo ọtụtụ awa na ụlọ okpomọkụ. Nke a na-ebelata eke gaps ma ọ bụ pores n'ime osisi na enhances na osisi na-eme ka a na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka osisi na-eme ka ihe ọkụkụ dịkwuo mma. pressurized na 105 ° C (221 ° F) maka awa ole na ole ọzọ iji wuchaa densification, wee akpọnwụ.
Otu n'ibu ihe onwunwe nke a structural ihe bụ indentation ekweghị ekwe, nke bụ ihe nke ike ya iguzogide deformation mgbe squeezed site force.Diamond bụ ike karịa ígwè, ike karịa ọla edo, ike karịa osisi, na ike karịa mbukota ụfụfụ.Among ọtụtụ engineering ule na-eji chọpụta hardness, dị ka Mohs siri ike na-eji na gemology, na brinell bụ echiche nke brinell siri ike ka ọ dị mfe. n'ime ule n'elu na ụfọdụ ike. tụọ dayameta nke okirikiri indentation kere site na bọl. The Brinell hardness uru na-agbakọ site na iji usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ; N'ikwu okwu n'ụzọ siri ike, ka oghere ahụ na-akụba, ka ihe ahụ dị nro. N'ime ule a, HW dị okpukpu 23 siri ike karịa osisi eke.
Ọtụtụ osisi ndị na-adịghị edozi ahụ ga-amịkọrọ mmiri. Nke a nwere ike ịgbasa osisi ma mesịa mebie ihe nhazi ya. Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na-eji mmiri ịnweta ụbọchị abụọ mee ka mmiri na-eguzogide mmiri nke HW, na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo hydrophobic ("egwu mmiri"). Nnwale hydrophobicity gụnyere itinye mmiri mmiri n'elu. na-agbasa na ụmụ irighiri mmiri dị larịị (ma mesịa na-amịkọrọ mmiri dị mfe) .Ya mere, ịnweta ịnweta ọ bụghị nanị na-abawanye hydrophobicity nke HW, ma na-egbochikwa osisi site na ịmịnye mmiri.
Na ụfọdụ engineering ule, HW knives rụrụ ubé mma karịa metal knives.The dere na-ekwu na HW mma bụ ihe dị ka ugboro atọ dị nkọ dị ka a azụmahịa dị n'ụdị. Otú ọ dị, e nwere a caveat na nke a na-akpali result.Researchers na-atụnyere table knives, ma ọ bụ ihe anyị nwere ike na-akpọ butter knives.These na-adịghị pụtara na-karịsịa nkọ. Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na-egbutu a video nke nwere ike na-egbutu mma ma eleghị anya, a na-egbutu a video nke ha nwere ike na-egbutu mma. steak nke nwere akụkụ na-adịghị mma nke ndụdụ ígwè, na mma steak ga-arụ ọrụ nke ọma karị.
Gịnị banyere ntu? A otu HW ntu o doro anya na a ga-adị mfe hammered n'ime a tojupụtara nke atọ planks, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị dị ka nkọwa dị ka ọ bụ ikwu mfe tụnyere ígwè mbọ. Wooden mkpọ nwere ike mgbe ahụ jide planks ọnụ, iguzogide ike nke ga-adọwa ha iche, na banyere otu ihe siri ike dị ka ígwè pegs. Na ha ule, Otú ọ dị, na mbadamba ntu na ma ọ bụ ntu ike ada ada, tupu ekpughere bọọdụ na ntu abụọ ahụ dara ada.
Ntu HW ka mma n'ụzọ ndị ọzọ? Mkpọ osisi na-adị mfe karị, ma ịdị arọ nke ihe owuwu ahụ abụghị isi ihe na-ebute ya site na uka nke pegs nke na-ejikọta ya.
Obi abụọ adịghị ya na onye edemede ahụ emepụtala usoro iji mee ka osisi sie ike karịa osisi eke. Otú ọ dị, ịba uru nke ngwaike maka ọrụ ọ bụla na-achọkwu ọmụmụ ihe. Ọ nwere ike ịdị ọnụ ala na ihe onwunwe-adịghị ka plastik? Ọ nwere ike ịsọ mpi na ihe ndị siri ike, mara mma, na-enweghị njedebe reusable metal ihe? Nnyocha ha na-ebuli ajụjụ na-adọrọ mmasị. Injinia na-aga n'ihu (na n'ikpeazụ ahịa) ga-aza ha.
Oge nzipu: Eprel-13-2022
