Carbide bụ klaasị a na-ejikarị ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa (HSM), nke a na-emepụta site na ntụ ntụ ntụ ntụ ma mejupụtara ahụ siri ike carbide (na-abụkarị tungsten carbide WC) na ngwakọta metal dị nro. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, e nwere ọtụtụ narị carbides cemented dabeere na WC nwere ụdị dị iche iche, nke ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-eji cobalt (Co) dị ka ihe nkedo, nickel (Ni) na chromium (Cr) na-ejikarị ihe ndị na-ekekọta ihe, na ndị ọzọ nwekwara ike ịgbakwunye. . ụfọdụ alloying ọcha. Kedu ihe kpatara enwere ọtụtụ ọkwa carbide? Kedu ka ndị na-emepụta ngwá ọrụ si ahọrọ ngwá ọrụ kwesịrị ekwesị maka otu ọrụ igbutu? Iji zaa ajụjụ ndị a, ka anyị buru ụzọ leba anya n'ihe dị iche iche na-eme ka carbide simenti bụrụ ezigbo ngwá ọrụ.
ike na ike
WC-Co cemented carbide nwere uru pụrụ iche na ma ike na ike. Tungsten carbide (WC) bụ ihe siri ike nke ukwuu (karịa corundum ma ọ bụ alumina), isi ike ya anaghị ebelata ka okpomọkụ na-arụ ọrụ na-abawanye. Agbanyeghị, ọ nweghị ike siri ike zuru oke, ihe dị mkpa maka ịkpụ ngwaọrụ. Iji nweta uru nke ike siri ike nke tungsten carbide ma melite ike ya, ndị mmadụ na-eji agbụ ígwè na-ejikọta tungsten carbide ọnụ, nke mere na ihe a nwere ike isi ike karịa nke ígwè dị elu, ebe ha na-enwe ike iguzogide ọtụtụ ịkpụ. arụmọrụ. ịcha ike. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ọ nwere ike iguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu nke na-emepụta ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa.
Taa, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mma na ntinye WC-Co niile na-ekpuchi ya, ya mere ọrụ nke isi ihe dị ka ọ dị obere. Ma n'ezie, ọ bụ ihe dị elu nke na-agbanwe agbanwe nke WC-Co ihe (ihe nkedo siri ike, nke dị ihe dị ka okpukpu atọ nke ígwè na-agba ọsọ na ọnụ ụlọ okpomọkụ) na-enye ihe na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe maka mkpuchi. Matriks WC-Co na-enyekwa ike a chọrọ. Ngwongwo ndị a bụ ihe bụ isi nke ihe WC-Co, mana enwere ike ịhazi akụrụngwa akụrụngwa site na ịhazigharị ihe mejupụtara ya na microstructure mgbe ị na-emepụta ntụ ntụ carbide cimented. Ya mere, ịdị mma nke ịrụ ọrụ ngwá ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ kpọmkwem na-adabere n'ókè dị ukwuu na usoro igwe nri mbụ.
Usoro igwe nri
A na-enweta ntụ ntụ tungsten carbide site na carburizing tungsten (W) ntụ ntụ. Njirimara nke tungsten carbide ntụ ntụ (karịsịa nha nha ya) dabere na nha nke akụrụngwa tungsten ntụ ntụ na okpomọkụ na oge nke carburization. Njikwa kemịkalụ dịkwa oke egwu, a ga-edobekwa ọdịnaya carbon mgbe niile (n'akụkụ uru stoichiometric nke 6.13% site na ịdị arọ). Enwere ike ịgbakwunye obere vanadium na / ma ọ bụ chromium tupu ọgwụgwọ carburizing iji chịkwaa nha nha ntụ ntụ site na usoro ndị ọzọ. Ọnọdụ usoro dị iche iche dị n'okpuru ala na ojiji nhazi njedebe dị iche iche chọrọ nchikota kpọmkwem nke tungsten carbide particle size, carbon content, vanadium content and chromium content, site na nke a dịgasị iche iche nke tungsten carbide powders nwere ike ịmepụta. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ATI Alldyne, onye na-emepụta ntụ ntụ tungsten carbide, na-emepụta ọkwa 23 nke tungsten carbide ntụ ntụ, na ụdị tungsten carbide ntụ ntụ ahaziri dị ka onye ọrụ chọrọ nwere ike iru karịa ugboro 5 nke ọkwa ọkwa tungsten carbide ntụ ntụ.
Mgbe ị na-agwakọta ma na-egweri tungsten carbide powder na metal bond iji mepụta ọkwa ụfọdụ nke cemented carbide powder, enwere ike iji ngwakọta dị iche iche. Ọdịnaya cobalt a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ 3% - 25% (oke nha), na n'ihe gbasara mkpa ịkwalite nguzogide corrosion nke ngwá ọrụ, ọ dị mkpa ịgbakwunye nickel na chromium. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a pụrụ imeziwanye njikọ ígwè site n'ịgbakwunye ihe ndị ọzọ alloy. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịgbakwụnye ruthenium na WC-Co cemented carbide nwere ike imeziwanye ike ya nke ọma na-ebelataghị isi ike ya. Ịba ụba ọdịnaya nke ihe nkedo nwekwara ike imeziwanye ike nke carbide cimented, ma ọ ga-ebelata ike ya.
Ịbelata nha nke tungsten carbide particles nwere ike ime ka ike nke ihe ahụ dịkwuo ike, mana nha nke tungsten carbide ga-anọgide na-abụ otu n'oge usoro nsị. N'oge sintering, tungsten carbide particles na-ejikọta ma na-eto site na usoro nke mgbasa na nnata. N'ime usoro nhịahụ n'ezie, iji mepụta ihe zuru oke, njikọ ígwè ahụ na-aghọ mmiri mmiri (nke a na-akpọ mmiri mmiri mmiri singering). Enwere ike ịchịkwa ọnụ ọgụgụ uto nke tungsten carbide particles site n'ịgbakwunye metal carbide ndị ọzọ mgbanwe, gụnyere vanadium carbide (VC), chromium carbide (Cr3C2), titanium carbide (TiC), tantalum carbide (TaC), na niobium carbide (NbC). A na-agbakwụnyekarị carbides ígwè ndị a mgbe a na-ejikọta tungsten carbide ntụ ntụ na-ejikọta ya na nkedo ígwè, ọ bụ ezie na vanadium carbide na chromium carbide nwekwara ike ịmepụta mgbe tungsten carbide ntụ ntụ na-agbaze.
A pụkwara imepụta ntụ ntụ tungsten carbide site n'iji ihe carbide simented emegharịrị emegharịgharị. Ntughari na iji ihe eji eme ihe nke carbide nwere ogologo oge na ụlọ ọrụ carbide cimented ma bụrụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke usoro akụ na ụba dum nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, na-enyere aka belata ọnụ ahịa ihe onwunwe, chekwaa ihe ndị sitere n'okike ma zere ihe mkpofu. Mkpofu na-emerụ ahụ. Enwere ike iji carbide scrap simented mee ihe n'ozuzu ya site na usoro APT (ammonium paratungstate), usoro mgbake zinc ma ọ bụ site na ịpịpịa. Ndị a "recycled" tungsten carbide powders na-enwekarị mma, nke a na-ahụ anya n'ihi na ha nwere ebe dị ntakịrị karịa tungsten carbide powders mere kpọmkwem site na tungsten carburizing usoro.
Ọnọdụ nhazi nke ngwakọta agwakọta nke tungsten carbide ntụ ntụ na njikọ ígwè bụkwa usoro usoro dị oke mkpa. Usoro igwe igwe abụọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ igwe igwe bọọlụ na micromilling. Ma usoro enyere edo Ịgwakọta nke milled powders na belata urughuru size. Iji mee ka ihe arụrụ arụ ọrụ mechara nwee ike zuru oke, nọgide na-enwe ọdịdị nke workpiece, ma mee ka onye na-arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ onye na-arụ ọrụ na-ebuli ọrụ ahụ maka ịrụ ọrụ, ọ na-adịkarị mkpa ịgbakwunye ihe nkedo organic n'oge egweri. Ngwakọta kemịkalụ nke njikọ a nwere ike imetụta njupụta na ike nke workpiece pịa. Iji mee ka njikwa ahụ dị mfe, ọ bụ ihe amamihe dị na ya ịgbakwunye ndị na-ekekọta ike dị elu, ma nke a na-ebute njupụta dị ala ma nwee ike ịmepụta lumps nke nwere ike ịkpata ntụpọ na ngwaahịa ikpeazụ.
Mgbe e mechachara, a na-efesa ntụ ntụ ahụ ka o wee mepụta agglomerates na-asọ asọ n'efu nke ihe ndị na-eke nri na-ejikọta ọnụ. Site n'ịgbanwe nhazi nke ihe nkedo organic, ike ịgbasa na njupụta ụgwọ nke agglomerates ndị a nwere ike ịhazi dịka achọrọ. Site screening si coarser ma ọ bụ mma irighiri, urughuru size nkesa nke agglomerate nwere ike n'ihu ahaziri iji hụ na ezi eruba mgbe loaded n'ime ebu oghere.
Imepụta workpiece
Enwere ike ịmepụta carbide workpieces site na usoro usoro dị iche iche. Dabere na size nke workpiece, larịị nke udi mgbagwoju, na mmepụta ogbe, ọtụtụ ọnwụ ntinye na-akpụzi iji n'elu na ala-nrụgide isiike nwụrụ. Iji nọgide na-enwe agbanwe agbanwe nke workpiece arọ na size n'oge ọ bụla ịpị, ọ dị mkpa iji hụ na ego nke ntụ ntụ (uka na olu) eruba n'ime oghere bụ kpọmkwem otu. A na-achịkwa mmiri mmiri nke ntụ ntụ site na nha nkesa nke agglomerates na njirimara nke ihe nkedo organic. A na-etolite ihe arụrụ arụ (ma ọ bụ “oghere”) site na itinye nrụgide ịkpụzi nke 10-80 ksi (kilo pound kwa square ụkwụ) na ntụ ntụ nke etinyere n'ime oghere ebu.
Ọbụlagodi n'okpuru nrụgide ịkpụzi dị oke elu, ahụ ike tungsten carbide ahụ agaghị emebi ma ọ bụ mebie, mana a na-etinye ihe nkedo organic n'ime oghere dị n'etiti ihe ndị dị na tungsten carbide, si otú ahụ na-edozi ọnọdụ nke ahụ. Ka nrụgide ahụ dị elu, nke ahụ na-eme ka njikọ nke tungsten carbide particles dịkwuo elu ma na-abawanye njupụta nke workpiece. Njirimara ịkpụzi nke akara nke cimented carbide ntụ ntụ nwere ike ịdịgasị iche, dabere na ọdịnaya nke ihe nkedo ọla, nha na ọdịdị nke irighiri carbide tungsten, ogo agglomeration, yana ihe mejupụtara na mgbakwunye nke ihe nkedo organic. Iji nye ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụgụ gbasara njirimara compaction nke akara ule nke cemented carbide powders, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti njupụta ịkpụzi na nrụgide ịkpụzi na-emekarị ma rụọ ya site n'aka onye na-emepụta ntụ ntụ. Ozi a na-eme ka o doo anya na ntụ ntụ a na-enye dakọtara na usoro ịkpụzi ngwá ọrụ.
Nnukwu-sized carbide workpieces ma ọ bụ carbide workpieces na elu akụkụ ruru (dị ka shanks maka ọgwụgwụ igwe na drills) a na-arụpụtara si uniformly enwe akara ule nke carbide ntụ ntụ na a mgbanwe akpa. Ọ bụ ezie na usoro mmepụta nke usoro ntinye ziri ezi dị ogologo karịa nke usoro ịkpụzi, ọnụ ahịa nrụpụta nke ngwá ọrụ dị ala, ya mere, usoro a dị mma maka mmepụta obere ihe.
Usoro usoro a bụ itinye ntụ ntụ n'ime akpa ahụ, mechie ọnụ akpa ahụ, wee tinye akpa ahụ jupụtara na ntụ ntụ n'ime ụlọ, ma tinye nrụgide nke 30-60ksi site na ngwaọrụ hydraulic iji pịa. A na-ejikarị ihe arụrụ arụ arụrụ arụ n'ụdị geometric dị iche iche tupu e mee ya. A na-amụba nha nke akpa ahụ iji nabata workpiece shrinkage n'oge compaction na iji nye oke oke maka ọrụ egweri. Ebe ọ bụ na a ghaghị ịhazi workpiece mgbe ịpịrị ahụ, ihe ndị a chọrọ maka nkwụsi ike nke nchaji adịghị esiri ike dị ka usoro ịkpụzi, ma ọ ka na-achọsi ike iji hụ na a na-ebuba otu ego ntụ ntụ n'ime akpa ahụ oge ọ bụla. Ọ bụrụ na njupụta nke ntụ ntụ dị ntakịrị, ọ nwere ike ibute ntụ ntụ na-ezughị ezu na akpa ahụ, na-eme ka ọrụ ahụ dị ntakịrị ma bụrụ nke a ga-ehichapụ. Ọ bụrụ na njupụta njupụta nke ntụ ntụ dị oke elu, na ntụ ntụ nke a na-etinye n'ime akpa ahụ dị oke, ọ dị mkpa ka edozi ọrụ ahụ iji wepụkwuo ntụ ntụ mgbe a pịa ya. Ọ bụ ezie na enwere ike ịmegharị ntụ ntụ ngafe ewepụrụ na ihe ndị a kpụrụ akpụ, ime nke a na-ebelata nrụpụta.
Enwere ike ịmepụta ihe eji arụ ọrụ Carbide site na iji extrusion nwụrụ ma ọ bụ nwụrụ anwụ. The extrusion ịkpụzi usoro bụ ihe kwesịrị ekwesị maka uka mmepụta nke axisymmetric udi workpieces, mgbe injection ịkpụzi usoro a na-ejikarị maka uka mmepụta nke mgbagwoju udi workpieces. N'ime usoro ịkpụzi abụọ ahụ, a na-akwụsịtụ akara akara cemented carbide ntụ ntụ n'ime ihe nkedo organic nke na-enye nha nha nha nha na ngwakọta carbide sirimented. A na-esikwa n'oghere pụta ma ọ bụ tinye ya n'ime oghere ka ọ mepụta. Njirimara nke ọkwa nke cemented carbide ntụ ntụ na-ekpebi njedebe kachasị mma nke ntụ ntụ iji jikọta na ngwakọta, ma nwee mmetụta dị mkpa na nhazi nke ngwakọta site na oghere extrusion ma ọ bụ injection n'ime oghere.
Mgbe workpiece na-guzobere site ịkpụzi, isostatic ịpị, extrusion ma ọ bụ injection ịkpụzi, ihe nkedo organic mkpa ka ewepụ si workpiece tupu ikpeazụ sintering ogbo. Sintering na-ewepu porosity na workpiece, na-eme ka ọ zuru ezu (ma ọ bụ nke ukwuu) ok. N'oge sintering, metal njikọ na pịa-kpụrụ workpiece na-aghọ mmiri mmiri, ma workpiece na-ejigide ọdịdị ya n'okpuru ngwakọta nke capillary agha na urughuru njikọ.
Mgbe sintering, workpiece geometry na-anọgide otu, ma akụkụ na-ebelata. Iji nweta ihe achọrọ workpiece size mgbe sintering, shrinkage ọnụego kwesịrị ịtụle mgbe emebe ngwá ọrụ. A ghaghị ịmepụta ọkwa nke carbide ntụ ntụ na-eme ngwá ọrụ ọ bụla iji nwee nkwụsịtụ ziri ezi mgbe a na-ejikọta ya n'okpuru nrụgide kwesịrị ekwesị.
N'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe niile, a chọrọ ọgwụgwọ post-sintering nke sintered workpiece. Ngwọta kachasị mkpa nke ịcha ihe bụ iji mee ka ọ dị nkọ. Ọtụtụ ngwá ọrụ na-achọ ka egweri geometry ha na akụkụ ha mgbe ha gụchara. Ụfọdụ ngwaọrụ chọrọ n'elu na ala egweri; ndị ọzọ na-achọ ka egweri mpụta (na-eji ma ọ bụ na-enweghị nkọcha ọnụ). Enwere ike ịmegharị ibe carbide niile sitere na egweri.
Ihe mkpuchi workpiece
N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, ọ dị mkpa ka a na-ekpuchi ihe arụrụ arụ ọrụ. Ihe mkpuchi ahụ na-enye mmanu na ụbara ike, yana ihe mgbochi mgbasa nke mkpụrụ, na-egbochi oxidation mgbe a na-ekpughere ya na okpomọkụ dị elu. Ngwunye carbide cimented dị oké mkpa maka ịrụ ọrụ nke mkpuchi ahụ. Na mgbakwunye na ịkwa akwa ihe ndị bụ isi nke ntụ ntụ matrix, ihe ndị dị n'elu nke matriks nwekwara ike ịhazi ya site na nhọrọ kemịkalụ na ịgbanwe usoro sintering. Site na mbugharị nke cobalt, enwere ike ime ka cobalt dịkwuo elu na elu elu nke agụba n'ime ọkpụrụkpụ nke 20-30 μm n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke workpiece, si otú ahụ na-enye elu nke mkpụrụ osisi ka mma na ike siri ike, na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma. na-eguzogide deformation.
Dabere na usoro nrụpụta nke onwe ha (dị ka usoro dewaxing, ọnụego kpo oku, oge oge, okpomọkụ na voltaji carburizing), onye na-emepụta ngwá ọrụ nwere ike ịnwe ụfọdụ ihe pụrụ iche chọrọ maka ọkwa nke cimented carbide powder powder. Ụfọdụ Toolmakers nwere ike sinter na workpiece na a agụụ okuku ọkụ, mgbe ndị ọzọ nwere ike na-eji ọkụ isostatic ịpị (HIP) sintering ọkụ (nke pressurizes na workpiece nso ọgwụgwụ nke usoro okirikiri wepụ ọ bụla residues) pores). Workpieces sintered n'ime a agụụ okuku ọkụ nwekwara ike ịdị ọkụ isostatically pịa site ọzọ usoro iwelie njupụta nke workpiece. Ụfọdụ ndị na-emepụta ngwá ọrụ nwere ike iji ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị elu iji mee ka njupụta nke ngwakọta nwere ọdịnaya cobalt dị ala, mana usoro a nwere ike ime ka microstructure ha dịkwuo njọ. Iji nọgide na-enwe oke ọka dị mma, enwere ike ịhọrọ ntụ ntụ nwere obere urughuru nke tungsten carbide. Iji kwekọọ na akụrụngwa mmepụta ihe akọwapụtara, ọnọdụ dewaxing na voltaji carburizing nwekwara ihe dị iche iche chọrọ maka ọdịnaya carbon na ntụ ntụ carbide cimented.
Nhazi ọkwa ọkwa
Mgbanwe nchikota nke ụdị dị iche iche nke tungsten carbide ntụ ntụ, ngwakọta ngwakọta na ọdịnaya ihe nkedo ígwè, ụdị na ọnụọgụ nke ihe na-eme ka mkpụrụ osisi na-eto eto, wdg, mejupụtara akara akara carbide dị iche iche nke cimented. Ihe ndị a ga-ekpebi microstructure nke carbide cimented na ihe onwunwe ya. Ngwakọta ụfọdụ akọwapụtara nke akụrụngwa abụrụla ihe kacha mkpa maka ngwa nhazi ụfọdụ akọwapụtara, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe bara uru ịkọwa akara akara carbide dị iche iche.
Sistemụ nhazi ọkwa carbide abụọ a na-ejikarị maka ngwa igwe bụ sistemụ nhọpụta C na sistemụ aha ISO. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị usoro ọ bụla na-egosipụta n'ụzọ zuru ezu ihe onwunwe nke na-emetụta nhọrọ nke cemented carbide grades, ha na-enye mmalite maka mkparịta ụka. Maka nhazi nke ọ bụla, ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta ihe nwere akara ule pụrụ iche nke ha, na-eme ka ọkwa carbide dịgasị iche iche.
Enwere ike ịhazi akara ule carbide site na ngwakọta. Enwere ike kewaa akara ule Tungsten carbide (WC) ụzọ atọ: dị mfe, microcrystalline na alloyed. Mpempe akwụkwọ Simplex bụ isi nke tungsten carbide na cobalt binders, mana nwekwara ike ịnwe obere ihe mgbochi uto ọka. Ihe mejupụtara grade microcrystalline bụ tungsten carbide na cobalt binder agbakwunyere na ọtụtụ puku vanadium carbide (VC) na (ma ọ bụ) chromium carbide (Cr3C2), na nha ọka ya nwere ike iru 1 μm ma ọ bụ obere. Ihe akara alloy mejupụtara tungsten carbide na cobalt binders nwere pasent ole na ole titanium carbide (TiC), tantalum carbide (TaC), na niobium carbide (NbC). A na-akpọkwa ihe mgbakwunye ndị a dị ka cubic carbide n'ihi ihe na-eme ka ha na-eme ihe. Microstructure nke a na-esi na ya pụta na-egosipụta nhazi usoro atọ na-adịghị arụ ọrụ.
1) Mpekere carbide dị mfe
Akara ule ndị a maka ịkpụ ọla na-enwekarị 3% ruo 12% cobalt (n'ịdị arọ). Ogo nke ọka tungsten carbide na-adịkarị n'etiti 1-8 μm. Dị ka ọ dị na akara ule ndị ọzọ, ibelata urughuru nha nke tungsten carbide na-abawanye ike ike na transverse rupture ike (TRS), ma na-ebelata ike ya. Isi ike nke ụdị dị ọcha na-abụkarị n'etiti HRA89-93.5; ike mgbawa transverse na-abụkarị n'etiti 175-350ksi. Ntụ ntụ nke akara ule ndị a nwere ike ịnwe nnukwu ihe eji emegharịgharị.
Enwere ike kewaa ụdị akara dị mfe na C1-C4 na sistemụ ọkwa C, enwere ike kewaa ya dịka usoro ọkwa K, N, S na H na sistemụ ọkwa ISO. Enwere ike ịkewa akara ule Simplex nwere akụrụngwa etiti dị ka akara ule izugbe (dịka C2 ma ọ bụ K20) ma enwere ike iji ya mee ihe maka ntụgharị, igwe igwe, nhazi na ike ọgwụgwụ; Enwere ike ekewa akara ule ndị nwere obere ọka ma ọ bụ ọdịnaya cobalt dị ala yana ike dị elu dị ka akara ngwucha (dịka C4 ma ọ bụ K01); Enwere ike ekewa akara ule nwere oke ọka buru ibu ma ọ bụ ọdịnaya cobalt dị elu yana ike ka mma ka enwere ike ịkewa akara ule siri ike (dị ka C1 ma ọ bụ K30).
Enwere ike iji ngwaọrụ ndị a na-eme na grades Simplex maka ịme ihe nkedo ígwè, 200 na 300 series igwe anaghị agba nchara, aluminum na ndị ọzọ na-abụghị ferrous ọla, superalloys na hardened steels. A nwekwara ike iji akara ule ndị a na ngwa ndị na-abụghị ígwè (dịka nkume na ngwá ọrụ geological), na akara ule ndị a nwere oke nha nke 1.5-10μm (ma ọ bụ karịa) na ọdịnaya cobalt nke 6%-16%. Ihe ọzọ na-abụghị ígwè ịkpụ akara ule carbide dị mfe bụ n'ichepụta anwụ na ọkpọ. Akara ule ndị a na-enwekarị oke ọka nwere ọkara nke nwere ọdịnaya cobalt nke 16%-30%.
(2) Microcrystalline cemented carbide akara ule
Ụdị akara ule ndị a na-enwekarị 6%-15% cobalt. N'oge usoro mmiri mmiri, mgbakwunye nke vanadium carbide na / ma ọ bụ chromium carbide nwere ike ijikwa uto ọka iji nweta nhazi ọka dị mma nke nwere oke ihe na-erughị 1 μm. Ọkwa ọkwa a dị mma nwere isi ike dị elu yana ike mgbawa transverse karịrị 500ksi. Nchikota nke ike dị elu na ike zuru oke na-enye ohere ka akara ule ndị a na-eji nnukwu rake rake dị mma, nke na-ebelata ike ịkpụ ma na-emepụta ibe dị nro site na ịkpụ kama ịkwanye ihe ígwè.
Site na njirimara siri ike nke ngwaahịa dị iche iche na mmepụta nke akara nke cimented carbide ntụ ntụ, na njikwa siri ike nke usoro nhazi usoro iji gbochie nhazi nke nnukwu ọka buru ibu na microstructure ihe, ọ ga-ekwe omume ịnweta ihe onwunwe kwesịrị ekwesị. Iji mee ka nha ọka ahụ dị obere na otu, ntụ ntụ emegharịrị emegharị ka a ga-eji naanị ma ọ bụrụ na enwere njikwa ngwa ngwa na usoro mgbake zuru oke, yana nnwale dị ukwuu.
Enwere ike ekewa akararị microcrystalline dịka usoro ọkwa M na sistemụ ọkwa ISO. Na mgbakwunye, ụzọ nhazi ọkwa ndị ọzọ na sistemụ ọkwa C na usoro ọkwa ISO bụ otu akara ule dị ọcha. Enwere ike iji akara ule microcrystalline mee ngwaọrụ ndị na-egbutu ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ dị nro, n'ihi na enwere ike ịmegharị elu nke ngwaọrụ ahụ nke ọma ma nwee ike ịnọgide na-enwe oke mbelata nke ukwuu.
Enwere ike iji akara microcrystalline na igwe superalloys dabere na nickel, n'ihi na ha nwere ike iguzogide mbelata okpomọkụ ruru 1200C. Maka nhazi nke superalloys na ihe ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche, iji ngwaọrụ ọkwa microcrystalline na ngwaọrụ ọkwa dị ọcha nke nwere ruthenium nwere ike imeziwanye nkwụsi ike ha n'otu oge, nkwụsị nrụrụ na ike. Microcrystalline akara ule dịkwa mma maka imepụta ngwaọrụ na-atụgharị dị ka ihe nkedo nke na-ebute nrụgide shii. Enwere mkpọmkpọm nke ejiri akara agwakọta nke simenti carbide mee. N'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke otu ihe ọkụkụ ahụ, ọdịnaya cobalt dị na ihe dị iche iche na-adịgasị iche, nke mere na a na-emezi ike na ike nke ihe ọkụkụ ahụ dịka mkpa nhazi.
(3) Alloy ụdị simented carbide akara ule
A na-ejikarị akara ule ndị a maka ịkpụ akụkụ ígwè, na ọdịnaya cobalt ha na-abụkarị 5%-10%, na nha ọka sitere na 0.8-2μm. Site n'ịgbakwụnye 4% -25% titanium carbide (TiC), ọchịchọ nke tungsten carbide (WC) ịgbasa n'elu nchara nchara nwere ike ibelata. Ike ngwá ọrụ, crater wear resistance na thermal shock resistance nwere ike imeziwanye ihe ruru 25% tantalum carbide (TaC) na niobium carbide (NbC). Mgbakwunye nke carbides ndị dị otú ahụ na-eme ka ihe siri ike na-acha uhie uhie na-eme ka ngwá ọrụ ahụ dịkwuo ike, na-enyere aka izere nrụrụ ọkụ nke ngwá ọrụ na-egbutu dị arọ ma ọ bụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ ebe nkwụsịtụ ga-eme ka okpomọkụ dị elu. Na mgbakwunye, titanium carbide nwere ike inye saịtị nucleation n'oge sintering, na-eme ka ịdị n'otu nke nkesa carbide cubic dị na workpiece.
N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, ogo siri ike nke ụdị alloy-cimented carbide akara ule bụ HRA91-94, na ike mgbaji ahụ bụ 150-300ksi. E jiri ya tụnyere akara ule dị ọcha, akara alloy enweghị ike eyi adịghị mma yana ike dị ala, mana ha nwere nguzogide dị mma karịa nrapado. Enwere ike kewaa akara ngosi alloy na C5-C8 na sistemụ ọkwa C, enwere ike kewaa ya dịka usoro ọkwa P na M na sistemụ ọkwa ISO. Enwere ike ịkewa akara ule alloy nwere akụrụngwa etiti dị ka akara ule izugbe (dị ka C6 ma ọ bụ P30) ma enwere ike iji ya maka ntụgharị, ịme ọpịpị, nhazi na igwe igwe. Enwere ike ịkewa akara ule kacha sie ike dị ka akara ngwucha (dịka C8 na P01) maka imecha ntụgharị na arụ ọrụ na-agwụ ike. Akara ule ndị a na-enwekarị nha ọka pere mpe yana ọdịnaya cobalt dị ala iji nweta ike siri ike achọrọ na iyi nguzogide. Otú ọ dị, enwere ike nweta ihe onwunwe ndị yiri ya site n'ịgbakwunye cubic carbide. Enwere ike ịkewa akara ule ndị siri ike dị elu dị ka akara ule na-agba agba (dịka C5 ma ọ bụ P50). Akara ule ndị a na-enwekarị oke ọka na ọdịnaya cobalt dị elu, yana mgbakwunye dị ala nke cubic carbide iji nweta isi ike achọrọ site na igbochi uto mgbawa. N'ime ọrụ ntugharị kwụsịrị, enwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ ịkpụ ahụ site na iji akararị cobalt bara ụba nke akpọtụrụ n'elu nwere ọdịnaya cobalt dị elu n'elu ngwá ọrụ.
A na-eji akara alloy nwere obere carbide titanium dị ala maka iji igwe igwe anaghị agba nchara yana igwe anaghị agba nchara, mana enwere ike iji ya rụọ ọla ndị na-abụghị nke ferrous dị ka superalloys dabere na nickel. Ogo ọka nke akara ule ndị a na-abụkarị ihe na-erughị 1 μm, yana ọdịnaya cobalt bụ 8%-12%. Enwere ike iji akara ule siri ike, dị ka M10, maka ịtụgharị ígwè na-adịghị mma; Enwere ike iji akara ule siri ike, dị ka M40, maka igwe igwe na nhazi ígwè, ma ọ bụ maka ịtụgharị igwe anaghị agba nchara ma ọ bụ superalloys.
Enwere ike iji akara akara carbide sịmented ụdị alloy maka ebumnuche igbutu ọla, ọkachasị maka imepụta akụkụ ndị na-adịghị eyi. Ogo urughuru nke akara ule ndị a na-abụkarị 1.2-2 μm, yana ọdịnaya cobalt bụ 7%-10%. Mgbe ị na-emepụta akara ule ndị a, a na-agbakwunye pasentị dị elu nke ihe eji emegharị ihe, na-ebute ọnụ ahịa dị elu na ngwa ihe eji eme ihe. Akụkụ ndị na-eyi uwe na-achọ ezigbo nguzogide corrosion na ịdị elu siri ike, nke enwere ike nweta site na ịgbakwunye nickel na chromium carbide mgbe ị na-emepụta akara ule ndị a.
Iji mezuo ihe ndị chọrọ nkà na ụzụ na nke akụ na ụba nke ndị na-emepụta ngwá ọrụ, carbide ntụ ntụ bụ isi ihe. Powders e mere maka ngwá ọrụ ndị na-emepụta ngwá ọrụ na nhazi usoro na-eme ka arụmọrụ nke ọrụ arụchara arụ ọrụ wee rụpụta ọtụtụ narị ọkwa carbide. Ụdị ihe eji emegharị ihe nke carbide na ikike ịrụ ọrụ ozugbo na ndị na-ebu ntụ ntụ na-enye ndị na-emepụta ngwá ọrụ aka ịchịkwa àgwà ngwaahịa ha na ọnụ ahịa ihe onwunwe nke ọma.
Oge nzipu: Ọktoba 18-2022
